CO₂
Carbon dioxide (CO₂) is a colorless, odorless gas that is naturally present in Earth’s atmosphere. It is a crucial component of the carbon cycle and has significant implications for life on Earth and human activities. Here are the key aspects of CO₂:
Chemical Properties
Formula: CO₂
Molecular Weight: 44.01 g/mol
Boiling Point: Sublimes at -78.5 °C (-109.3 °F) at standard atmospheric pressure.
Density: 1.98 kg/m³ at 25°C and 1 atm (heavier than air).
Natural Occurrence
Respiration: produced by animals and humans during respiration.
Photosynthesis: absorbed by plants during photosynthesis to produce oxygen and glucose.
Volcanic Activity: released from volcanic eruptions and geothermal processes.
Ocean-Atmosphere Exchange: oceans absorb and release CO₂, acting as a significant carbon sink.
Uses
- Industrial Gas: used in the production of carbonated beverages, refrigeration (dry ice), and fire extinguishers.
- Enhanced Oil Recovery: injected into oil fields to increase oil extraction efficiency.
- Agriculture: used in greenhouses to enhance plant growth.
Industrial and Human Activities
- Combustion: burning fossil fuels (coal, oil, and natural gas) for energy releases large amounts of CO₂.
- Cement Production: cement manufacturing emits CO₂ during the calcination of limestone.
- Deforestation: reduces the number of trees available to absorb CO2, increasing atmospheric levels.
- Agriculture: practices such as livestock farming and rice paddies release CO₂ and other greenhouse gases.
Regulatory Aspects
International Agreements: agreements like the Paris Agreement aim to reduce global CO₂ emissions to mitigate climate change.
National Policies: countries implement regulations and policies to limit CO₂ emissions from various sectors, including cap-and-trade systems and carbon taxes.
